DHCP
Protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration to devices.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automates the assignment of IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateway and DNS servers to devices on a network. The process follows four steps known as DORA: Discover (the client searches for a DHCP server), Offer (the server offers an address), Request (the client accepts the offer) and Acknowledge (the server confirms the assignment).
DHCP leases have a limited duration (lease time), and the client must renew it periodically. This makes it possible to reuse addresses efficiently in networks with many devices.
In practice, DHCP is the foundation of most home and enterprise networks: the router typically acts as the DHCP server and hands out addresses from a defined range within the subnet mask, and points clients to the right DNS server. Static reservations can be used for printers, servers and other equipment that needs predictable addressing.
Puntos clave
- Automatically assigns IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS servers
- Uses the four-step DORA process: Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge
- Each lease has a limited lifetime and must be renewed
- Operates on UDP ports 67 (server) and 68 (client)
- Reduces manual configuration in networks with many devices
- Reservations can pin the same IP to a specific MAC address